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417 words used in the labs.

Find a term from the labs, understand the process behind it, and see how it appears in the landscape. Each entry connects an explanation with a real observation and a model you can explore.

Chemical weathering

The alteration or dissolution of minerals through chemical reactions with water, gases and dissolved substances. Carbonation, hydrolysis and oxidation are examples. Unlike mechanical weathering, these reactions change mineral composition as well as the appearance of the rock.

What to look for

Malham Cove limestone pavement. Rainwater containing dissolved carbon dioxide widens joints into grykes, leaving blocks called clints.

People cross pale limestone blocks separated by deep joints above Malham Cove, England.
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Explore further with USGS water glossary · USGS volcano glossary · NPS glacial geology · NASA Earth facts. Photograph acknowledgements are collected on the Image credits page.