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417 words used in the labs.

Find a term from the labs, understand the process behind it, and see how it appears in the landscape. Each entry connects an explanation with a real observation and a model you can explore.

Penumbra

The part of a shadow where the light source is only partly obscured. On the Moon it produces subtler dimming than the umbra.

What to look for

NASA Kennedy Space Center photograph, 20 January 2000. Earth's shadow falls on the Moon; sunlight filtered through Earth's atmosphere gives the eclipsed surface a reddish colour.

The Moon appears copper-red during a lunar eclipse viewed from Merritt Island, Florida.
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Explore further with USGS water glossary · USGS volcano glossary · NPS glacial geology · NASA Earth facts. Photograph acknowledgements are collected on the Image credits page.