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417 words used in the labs.

Find a term from the labs, understand the process behind it, and see how it appears in the landscape. Each entry connects an explanation with a real observation and a model you can explore.

Umbra

The central part of a shadow where the light source is completely obscured. During a total lunar eclipse the Moon lies within Earth’s umbra. The surrounding penumbra receives light from part of the source and produces a less complete darkening.

What to look for

NASA's airborne view of the 21 August 2017 total solar eclipse. The Moon blocks the bright photosphere, revealing the corona.

The dark lunar disc surrounded by the Sun's pale corona during the 2017 total solar eclipse.
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Explore further with USGS water glossary · USGS volcano glossary · NPS glacial geology · NASA Earth facts. Photograph acknowledgements are collected on the Image credits page.